How Does Asbestos Get into Soil

Asbestos was used extensively in the UK construction industry throughout the 20^th century because of its durability and heat resistance. Sadly, it was unknown at the time for being dangerous to health, and its association with mesothelioma and lung cancer led to a complete ban in 1999. Despite this, asbestos contamination in soil is still a pressing concern across the country. Knowing and understanding the pathways through which asbestos infiltrates soil is important for effective management and remediation.

The UK’s industrial boom saw asbestos containing materials in various forms (including insulation, roofing, and flooring) used across developments and redevelopments, especially in the mid-20^th century. As demolition practices were not as regulated as they are today, ACMs were often improperly disposed of. Debris from demolition work was often buried on site, or used as infill, which resulted in asbestos fibres being introduced into the soil. Over time as materials degraded, increased risk of fibre release into the environment became prevalent.

Industrial sites involved in manufacturing asbestos products have contributed to soil contamination during recent history. Waste materials containing asbestos were sometimes poorly disposed of, leading to hotspots of contamination. For example, controversy surrounded the Spodden Valley in Rochdale, where the world's largest asbestos textile factory was located. After the factory had closed there was found to be significant contamination in the soil, highlighting the long-term environmental impact of industrial use of asbestos.

Even though it’s highly illegal (and there are stringent regulations about the disposal of asbestos) there are still instances of asbestos waste dumping. This can pose risks to public health and violates environmental laws. Illegal dumping of asbestos products and hydrocarbons can deteriorate over time, with fibres being released into soils, potentially becoming airborne when disturbed. Proper waste management is essential to prevent contamination of this nature.

Flooding and other natural events can exacerbate the release of asbestos fibres in soil. Flood waters erode areas containing asbestos waste, dispersing the fibres over a wider area. Likewise, construction sites can disturb contaminated soil, releasing asbestos into the air. This is why it is critical to assess and manage these risks during development projects.

The recycling of construction materials does have environmental benefits but can inadvertently lead to asbestos contamination if improperly managed. Materials from older buildings could contain asbestos and if these are recycled without screening, asbestos fibres could be introduced into new products or dispersed into the soil during processing. This confirms the importance of thorough processes when recycling materials.

The UK has comprehensive guidelines to manage asbestos in soil. The British Geological Survey offers guidance on handling asbestos contaminated materials, emphasising the need for special precautions during transport and disposal. Remediation strategies often involve risk assessments to show the extent of contamination and the appropriate mitigation measures.

Asbestos contamination in UK soils is the legacy left behind from past industrial practices, improper waste management and environmental factors. Ongoing monitoring and remediation are essential to reduce the risks to health which are associated with asbestos in soil, to ensure environmental safety for the generations to come.

If you suspect that there is asbestos in your soil, don’t take any risks. Our team specialises in asbestos testing, analysis, and safe remediation, making sure your land meets all environmental and safety standards and regulations. Whether you need a site assessment, soil sampling, or professional advice, we’re here to help. You can get a quote here.